Migration Initiative

Advancing Deer Conservation

MDF’s Winter Range and Migration Corridor Initiative

Helicopter assisting in conservation project for revegetation.

Understanding Deer Migration and Habitat

We all know that deer move a lot across our vast western landscapes and that seasonal habitat like winter range is a critical part of their annual lifecycle. These movements, often called migrations, can be obvious or not so obvious depending on time, route, and number of animals using a certain area. Historically, deer managers relied on professional observation and historic records to identify these movement and migration routes but lacked specific information on how many animals used certain routes, how the routes were used by moving animals, and how animals reacted to impacts to these routes. However, over the last decade, scientific knowledge has increased dramatically about how significant migrations are to the health of mule deer and black-tailed deer herds.

With new GPS technology allowing more frequent and accurate data from collars, scientists are able to map how deer move throughout the year and where the critical habitats are along those corridors.

Policy Development and Conservation Efforts

Conservation efforts to improve big game migration corridors and seasonal ranges in the West took a major leap in February 2018, when then-Secretary of the Interior Ryan Zinke signed Secretarial Order 3362 at MDF’s Western Hunting and Conservation Expo. In the first two years of the SO 3362 implementation, the U.S. Department of the Interior and partners like MDF facilitated 73 projects across 11 states with more than $47 million being invested from federal and matching grants in state-identified priority research projects, data analysis and mapping assistance, habitat-related projects, and other activities. Even more work has happened on the ground since the first progress report was released in 2020.

Mule deer habitat on a grassy hillside with distant hills.

Mule deer buck standing in a grassy meadow.

MDF’s Leadership and Initiative in Habitat Conservation

Shortly after SO 3362 was signed, MDF created its Winter Range and Migration Corridor Initiative, to assist with the implementation of the order and to partner with agencies, landowners, and others to ensure conservation of these important areas. MDF has been a leader in both the policy efforts to implement the secretarial order as well as coordinating habitat conservation and restoration efforts. Making sure that mule deer and black-tailed deer have quality habitat in the areas where they need it the most throughout the year will always be a top priority for our organization. Since the inception of the Winter Range and Migration Corridor Initiative, MDF has received over $2 million in grants to help with capacity and on-the-ground projects.

This $2 million has been leveraged at least 1:1, making the total benefit to deer winter range and migration corridors well over $4 million! Our investment of time, funding, and expertise has helped establish MDF as the leader on this important conservation issue.

Latest in Initiatives!

Mule deer buck and doe in a snowy landscape

A Game of Angles

One of the biggest misconceptions among new deer hunters is that shot placement is simply a matter of aiming behind the shoulder. While that advice isn’t wrong, it only applies when the deer is standing perfectly broadside. In the real world, mule deer rarely cooperate by posing exactly how we’d like them to.

Every shot angle changes the anatomy you’re working with. Bones shift, vital organs become partially obscured, and the path your bullet or arrow must travel changes dramatically. Before squeezing the trigger or releasing an arrow, it helps to stop thinking about where the projectile will enter and start thinking about where it needs to end up.

Ethical Hunting in 2026

As mule deer hunters, we spend a lot of time talking about rifles, optics, packs, and finding mature bucks. Those conversations are fun, but the future of hunting depends just as much on the decisions we make when nobody else is watching. In 2026, I believe there are three areas every ethical mule deer hunter should be thinking about before the season begins.

Flyer style graphic displaying Mule Deer Foundation and Infinite Outdoors campaign for National Public Lands month. Campaign theme Access. Adventure. Legacy is prominently featured.

Celebrate Public Lands Month with the Mule Deer Foundation and Infinite Outdoors

This September, the Mule Deer Foundation and Infinite Outdoors celebrate Public Lands Month through Access. Adventure. Legacy., a campaign focused on expanding outdoor access, creating new opportunities for adventure, and investing in the future of America’s outdoor heritage.

Choosing the Right Off-Road Vehicle for Your Hunting Strategy

Success in mule deer country rarely comes down to a single piece of gear. More often, it’s the decisions you make before the hunt even begins, how you access terrain, move through habitat, and adapt to conditions, which shape the outcome of your time in the field.

ATVs and Side-by-Sides have become a common tool across the West because they make movement across vast landscapes more efficient. The key to deciding what is right for you is to understand that no single platform does everything equally well. Each one fits a unique style of hunting, terrain type, and level of access. The question is, which is best for you?